Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande, 1895)

Panchaetothripinae, Thripidae, Terebrantia, Thysanoptera

Figures

Fig. 1: 8-segmented antenna, segments III and IV with forked sense cone
Fig. 2: Head dorsal with ocellar triangle
Fig. 3: Pronotum
Fig. 4: Meso- and metanotum
Fig. 5: Fore wing, fore wing distal region
Fig. 6: Tergites III and IV, lateral region
Fig. 7: Tergites V and VI, lateral region
Fig. 8: Tergites VIII and IX

Caliothrips fasciatus is an occasional pest of legume and grass crops, feeding on the leaves. Both sexes macropterous; body dark brown; all tarsi and bases and apices of tibiae yellow; antennal segments III & IV yellow with apical half light brown, V yellow with apical half brown (Fig. 1); fore wings brown, with two white cross bands, at base and sub-apically, apex dark (Fig. 5). Antennae 8-segmented; segments III & IV with forked sensorium, VIII less than twice as long as VII (Fig. 1). Head not constricted at base (Fig. 2). Pronotum without long setae, mainly with equiangular reticles and many markings within each reticle (Fig. 3). Metanotum irregularly reticulate; one pair of major setae close to anterior margin (Fig. 4), metafurca elongate and lyre-shaped. Mid and hind tarsi elongate but 1-segmented; hind coxae with coiled internal apodeme. Fore wing first vein close to or fused to costal vein; second vein with 5-7 setae; costal cilia shorter than costal setae (Fig. 5). Tergites lateral thirds with mainly angular oblique reticulation and many markings within the reticles (Fig. 6 and 7); Tergites II-VIII with a small median pair of setae, and with craspedum medially, tooth-like microtrichia laterally (Fig. 8); median split on X about half as long as tergite.
Male tergite IX with 3 pairs of stout setae medially, median pair thorn-like; sternites III-VII with glandular area small and oval rather than transversely linear.

The genus Caliothrips Daniel, 1904
The genus Caliothrips currently includes more than 20 species. Members of this genus are dark brown, head and pronotum with a heavy net-like sculpture and with internal markings inside each reticle. Head without neck and dorsal ridge. Fore wings banded (usually dark with pale areas) and antennae with 8 segments, and forked sense cone on antennal segments III & IV. Most of the species in this group are found living in grasses and legumes (Mound & Kibby 1998).

Caliothrips fasciatus is the only species within the key with a sculptured pronotum with mainly equiangular reticulations (other species with irregular longitudinal or transverse reticulations). Caliothrips fasciatus is similar to Caliothrips impurus, both with tergites sculpture on lateral thirds comprising mainly polygonal reticulations and numerous internal wrinkles. Caliothrips fasciatus has mainly angular oblique reticulations, whereas Caliothrips impurus has a broader polygonally reticulate sculpture. Tergites of other Caliothrips species (Caliothrips graminicola, Caliothrips phaseoli and Caliothrips sudanensis) show a transverse striation with or without internal markings on lateral thirds. Compared to Caliothrips sudanensis with extreme apex on fore wings pale, Caliothrips fasciatus is like other species with a dark extreme apex of fore wings. In Caliothrips fasciatus and Caliothrips graminicola the forked sense cone on antennal segment IV scarcely extending beyond base of segment V, whereas in Caliothrips impurus, Caliothrips phaseoli and Caliothrips sudanensis the forked sense cone on antennal segment IV extends to a point at least a third to base of antennal segment V.
Members of Caliothrips can be recognised by their reticulate sculpture that bears internal markings. Only Retithrips syriacus also has complex markings within each of the reticles, and characteristic fore wings bearing anteromarginally 3 curious blister-like callosities and minute setae. Compared to the closely related genera Hercinothrips and Selenothrips, the head of Caliothrips species is not constricted into a neck. Hercinothrips has 2-segmented tarsi (Caliothrips and Selenothrips with 1-segmented tarsi), and in Selenothrips the hind margin of tergite VIII has a complete comb of long teeth, the pronotum has a transverse striate sculpture and the metanotum a dominant sculptured triangle medially (in Caliothrips and Hercinothrips tergite VIII posteromarginal comb of microtrichia is only present laterally, pronotum with reticulate sculpture, and metanotum without a dominant sculptured triangle medially).

Life history
Lewis (1973) reported that longevity of larvae may range from 0-14 days and adults can live from 7-15 days both dependent on temperature.

Host plants
Particularly legumes and grass crops.
Crops: beans (cowpea, French beans, snow pea), cotton, lettuce, pear.
Weeds: Senna bicapsularis.

Vector capacity
None identified, but possible mechanical distribution of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.

Damage and symptoms
-

Detection and control strategies
-

Additional notes
-

Biogeography

Central and South America, North America, East Africa. Kenya, Uganda.

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